Foam Rolling

I've talked about foam rolling from time to time, here's the geeky stuff on why it is effective:


· Self-myofascial release (SMR) on a foam roller is possible thanks to the principle known as autogenic inhibition. The Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) is a mechanoreceptor found at the muscle-tendon junction; it's highly sensitive to changes in tension in the muscle.

· When tension increases to the point of high risk of injury (i.e. tendon rupture), the GTO stimulates muscle spindles to relax the muscle in question. This reflex relaxation is autogenic inhibition. The GTO isn't only useful in protecting us from injuries, but it also plays a role in making proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching techniques highly effective.

· The muscle contraction that precedes the passive stretch stimulates the GTO, which in turn causes relaxation that facilitates this passive stretch and allows for greater range of motion. With foam rolling, you can simulate this muscle tension, thus causing the GTO to relax the muscle. Essentially, you get many of the benefits of stretching and then some.

· It's also fairly well accepted that muscles need to not only be strong, but pliable as well. Regardless of whether you're a bodybuilder, strength athlete, or ordinary weekend warrior, it's important to have strength and optimal function through a full range of motion. While stretching will improve the length of the muscle, SMR and massage work to adjust the tone of the muscle.
What's SMR good for?

· Traditional stretching techniques simply cause transient increases in muscle length (assuming that we don't exceed the "point of no return" on the stress-strain curve, which will lead to unwanted deformities). SMR on the foam roller, on the other hand, offers these benefits and breakdown of soft tissue adhesions and scar tissue.

· One mustn't look any further than the overwhelmingly positive results numerous individuals have had with Active Release Techniques (ART) to recognize the value of eliminating adhesions and scar tissue. Unfortunately, from both a financial and convenience standpoint, we can't all expect to get ART done on a frequent basis.

· SMR on the foam roller offers an effective, inexpensive, and convenient way to both reduce adhesion and scar tissue accumulation and eliminate what's already present on a daily basis. Just note that like stretching, foam rolling doesn't yield marked improvements overnight; you'll need to be diligent and stick with it (although you'll definitely notice acute benefits).

Techniques

· These techniques are actually very simple to learn. Basically, you just use your body weight to sandwich the roller between the soft tissue to be released and the floor. Roll at a slow pace and actually stop and bear down on the most tender spots ("hot spots"). Once the pain in these spots diminishes, roll the other areas.

· In order to increase the pressure on the soft tissue, simply apply more of your body weight to the roller. The simplest way to do this is by either moving from working both legs at once to one leg, or by "stacking" one of your legs on top of the other to increase the tension.

· As you get more comfortable with SMR, you'll really want to be bearing down on the roller with most (if not all) of your body weight. As with almost anything in the training world, there's considerable room for experimentation, so you'll definitely want to play around with the roller to see what works best for you. Be careful to avoid bony prominences, though.

· One other technique to be beneficial is to work from the proximal (nearest the center of the body) to the distal (away from the center of the body) attachment of the muscle. For instance, instead of working your quadriceps from top to bottom all in one shot, shorten your stroke a little bit. Work the top half first, and after it has loosened up, move on to the bottom half.

· This is an important strategy because as you get closer to the distal muscle-tendon junction, there's a concomitant increase in tension. By working the top half first, you decrease the ensuing tension at the bottom, essentially taking care of the problem in advance.

· Note: Those with circulatory problems and chronic pain diseases (e.g. fibromyalgia) should NOT use foam rollers.

A Training Session

What should a training session look like? I'll first start with what I see a lot of individuals do:

1. Get on the treadmill or elliptical for a 5-10 minute warm up.

2. Static stretch for 5-10 minutes.

3. Head over to a machine and work on "strength training".

Here's what a training session should look like:

1. Soft-Tissue Work - Self Myofascial Release using a foam roller is a perfect way to start a session. The goal being to "loosen you up" and start to get your body ready for the workout.

2. Dynamic Stretching - This is movements to help you work through a range of motion with a specific reason for doing a movement. Static stretching before a workout can actually hinder your workout. So stop holding a stretch for 30 seconds before your workouts!

3. Activation Work - I feel I say this quite a bit while training, but you need to know or teach your body how to go through a movement while activating the right musculature. When you wake up the muscles in individuals bodies that are inactive you're going to see greater gains and in the end leading to you meeting your goals.

4. Strength Training - Whatever your goals may be strength training should be a big part in you path to meeting these goals. Cardio is not the answer to goals. Sure it's going to help but it shouldn't be your number one priority. Even if you're a runner, strength training will help you in your running efficiency and overall economy! Of course there are numerous factors that are different depending on a persons goals.

5. Energy System Work - I love the use of kettlebells or basic body weight movements for this area of work. You don't need to spend hours running on a treadmill to get a aerobic workout. It can be done within 5-15 minutes. Go intensely and your metabolism will be spiked for hours after your workout.

6. Static Stretching - Work on muscles that are problem areas. I see a lot of tight hip flexors, pecs, calves, adductors, and lats.

Simply put, I see a lot of people who don't know how or don't care to put time in for a proper warm up. These first 10-20 minutes of the workout are in my mind and experience the most important. The chronic pain that most people encounter can be relieved once mobility and flexibility is returned to normal.